PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.